FedEx and Logistics
April 1, 2012
FedEx ( IATA code : FX ; ICAO code : FDX ) is a corporate American and an airline that specializes in international freight transport. FedEx is short syllable of the original name of the company, Federal Express .
McDonnell Douglas DC-10 fleet of FedEx
Founded in 1971 by Frederick W. Smith, his first fleet consists of 14 and 33 Falcon 20 of Dassault Aviation adapted to carry goods with an additional cargo door. It was not until 1982 that were replaced by Boeing 727 and McDonnell Douglas DC-10 .
The first deliveries will start air on April 27 1973 from the International dental assistant schools Airport of Memphis where the company implements its hub .
In 1994, Federal Express became FedEx.
In 1999, FedEx decided to locate its hub for EMEA (Europe, jetzt Tagesgeld Vergleich Middle East and Africa) to Paris , airport Roissy Charles de Gaulle .
March 23, 2009, a FedEx plane type MacDonnell Douglas crashed in the early morning at the Tokyo International Airport, the pilot and the copilot died.
On January 15, 2012, the FedEx handles moving the pair of giant pandas and Huan Huan Zi Yuan from China to France.
The logistics is the activity that is designed to manage physical flows of an organization , in order to make available the resources corresponding to the needs predefined.
And that, in accordance with the anticipated economic conditions, the level of service quality expected, the conditions for security and safety deemed satisfactory.
For the Council of Logistics Management 1 , logistics is defined as:
” the integration of two or more activities in order to plan, implement and monitor an efficient flow of raw materials, semi-finished and finished products, from their point of origin to point of consumption . These activities may include, but are not limited to-do type of service offered to customers, demand forecasting, communications relating to USPS distribution, inventory control, materials handling, order processing, the after sales service and spare parts, purchasing, packaging, processing of returned goods, negotiation or reuse of recoverable items or discarded, the organization of transport and the actual carriage of goods, and warehousing and storage . ”
Summary [ hide ]
1 Purpose Logistics
2 Activities and logistics players
2.1 Depending on their situation and role in the organization
2.1.1 Upstream of the Production Process
2.1.2 Downstream of the production process
2.1.3 In return the process of using
2.2 Depending on the type of service provided
2.3 According to the means used for operating
3 Link with logistics information system
4 The concepts related to logistics
4.1 Classes, crafts
4.2 Communication channels borrowed
4.3 As it is transported
4.4 Resources, resources and tools
5 Logistics and Sustainable Development
6 Notes and references
7 See also
7.1 Related
7.2 Bibliography
Purposes of logistics
The purposes of logistics, according to JC Becour Bouquin and H, 2 can be stated as follows:
In the short term : This is to optimize physical flows from upstream to downstream, which means:
exploitation of forecasts in the short term and order books
program definition of supply and production
delivery scheduling
regulation after the sale and distribution of spare parts
continuity of the operation by the establishment of a maintenance plan.
In the medium term : the horizon action plans and budgets, logistics aims to:
define the actions that control the costs of logistics services that the company has chosen to develop.
(Example: If the company decides to implement a production process operating on the principle of delayed differentiation , logistics is expected to understand and optimize all parameters of production and storage involved in this type of organization)
advising management to enable them to choose life insurance quotes the operations that the company must ensure its own and those it has an interest in outsourcing
(Example: who should provide after sales service to customers? Make ourselves or outsource?)
contribute significantly to optimizing the cost of the investment or working capital of the Company.
In the long term : In a long-term perspective, the purpose of logistics is:
help the organization to master the complexity, uncertainty and delays resulting from the multiplication of product-market couples
continuously update the knowledge of the impact logistics has on operating costs, customer and organization
to propose – if appropriate – the organization a competitive advantage by offering customers an optimal service logistics cost the most suitable and acceptable .
Activities and logistics players
to study the origins of the term logistics, see: History of logistics .
for the study of useful indicators in logistics, see: Managing the supply chain .
to study the impact of the corporate structure of the flow, see: Physical Structure .
for the study of logistics players, see: Logistics consulting .
Depending on their situation and role in the organization
Upstream of the production process
Upstream activities include:
development (creation www.ihairstyles2012.com/short-hairstyles/ ex nihilo or modification of existing) and the search for sources of supply ( sourcing ), in or outside of the client company, by linking with:
Manufacturers-also known as producers , manufacturers , suppliers ( suppliers ) or subcontractors ( sub-contractors )
-Service providers, also referred to as subcontractors or freight forwarders or carriers ,
the procurement ( Purchasing ) that involve the notion of “contract” and “seller” ( vendor ),
the supply ( procurement ) that induces the notion of ” control “(open or closed) ( order ), purchase orders (outside) ( purchase order ) or “requests, warrants or production orders, delivery … “(inside) and vendor ( supplier ),
upstream transport operations and customs 3 , bringing the goods ( finished product or materials, minerals , components …) to a point of storage (concept of stock ) or a picking platform (concept of Just-in-time or lean ).
Downstream of the production process
Downstream activities include:
the storage warehouse (storage),
overpack ( co-packing ), the constitution or lots of kits ( kitting ), the custom packaging, addressing …
the preparation of orders that may be called something other:
-The “allocation” for companies in the pharmaceutical sector (including under that name, however the “storage” and “downstream transport”)
- “Burst” for food businesses expenses (which represents a single cross-docking without storage, and distribution with immediate reloading of vehicles)
the downstream transport (after storage), which consists of:
- “Pull”, that is to say, transport to a point of distribution or popping or putting on tour,
- “Cross-docking” to “explode”, “share” or “turned to” on other vehicles,
- ” distribution “, that is to say the transport of” last mile “(being generally companies with VL deliveries (vehicles less than 3.5 t GVW) and / or urgent deliveries or distribution (like mail)) to an enterprise ( business to business ) or to a particular ( business to consumer ).
In turn the process of using UPS
The term reverse logistics and Reverse Logistics , the management of freight forwarding, generally useless, the point of manufacture (in this case, the final consumer) to the point of repair , of recycling or destruction final and complete.
Flow management returns is potentially a promising market, because it should, first, eventually lead to the recycling of raw materials increasingly rare (and therefore expensive) and secondly because it is source of employment.
It represents an additional expense, however, in the short term, for businesses and individuals.
To encourage them to feed back these flows, governments of some countries, like France, have already introduced taxes:
Tax ADEME (product packaging, paid by businesses),
environmental tax (on domestic electric appliances, paid by those who buy them).
In both cases, it is firms that act as the collector and that pay the tax to the state, they have or they have not reflected the cost to its customers and consumers.
However, the logistics channels and recirculating of goods and packaging are far in 2007 to have reached diabetic foot ulcer treatment maturity. For example, many wastes that would have resulted in selective sorting would still mixed at the entrance of some power plants to supply them with mixtures of combustible material quality meets the specifications of the furnaces. As it is not certain that all the used batteries are collected by the distribution actually processed by suitable structures.
That is to say that “green taxes” and already have at least the power http://www.chirobizacademy.com to feed the coffers of the State, failing to encourage consumers and manufacturers to reduce the amount of packaging material consumed and destroyed .
Depending on the type of service provided
By categories of goods transported or stored
- Dangerous Goods 4 ,
- Goods of high value or strategic interest, “sensitive”,
- Goods involving the implementation of the cold chain for food security 5 ,
- Live animals …
By regulations applicable to persons, goods, goods and services for regulated activities:
- Marketing of pharmaceuticals,
- Fedex Transport, handling, storage of hazardous materials,
- Transport, food storage,
- All transportation activities …
By management practices mandated by the regulations:
- Management of traceability and batch management,
- Management by dates ,
- Management of temperature storage or transport.
According to the means used for operating
operating systems:
- Setting up systems transitic ;
- Vehicle tracking satellites ;
- Fleet management equipment, including maintenance tracking and legal obligations on forklift and devices;
- Picking assisted voice “A track and voice” in the official carrier , Supplement No. 2384-2385 (2007), p. 20-21;
- Computer systems for order management, production, inventory, storage locations;
- Electronic systems (anti-theft systems);
- Mechanical systems ( industrial robotics …).
tools and resources to carry on the business logistics:
- Specialists in search of strategic land to build industrial zones logistics,
- Specialists in real estate and construction or development of bonded warehouses or mail ,
- Information systems specialists and specialized modules of ERP or ERP ( Enterprise Resources Planning or ERP ), “Warehouse Management” – Warehouse Management Systems / “Transportation Management” / “Purchasing Management” / “Procurement” …
- Specialists in management of men and women management ,
- Specialists in transportation equipment, the handling , storage, packaging …
Link with logistics information system
The management of the supply chain ( supply chain management in English, SCM) is the subdomain of the information system that meets the needs of logistics operators to manage the supply chain, forecasting, planning, shopping, transportation, etc …
To do this, the SCM is evidently leads to:
as such maintain strong links with the information system of the company and in particular with the ERP (ERP in English) of the company if it exists;
mobilize large numbers of data and associated information flows, properly organized and made available through appropriate storage form of database DB ;
offer a range of treatments and applications software in tune with the needs of logistics operators (the car insurance quotes online concept of traceability and monitoring in real time providing good examples of requirements to serve).
Concepts related to logistics
Classes, professions
Assembly
Comanufacturing (or kitting )
Packing
Packing
Overpack (or co-packing , or packaging)
IT management: managing the supply chain ( Supply Chain Management )
Quality management and quality control
Traceability Management
Transport
Point to Point
Bundling-unbundling
Relay point
Lean
Communication channels borrowed
Transport: Fleet Management
Ground Transportation
Road transport
Rail
Air Transport , Space Transportation
Shipping
River transport
Multimodal transport
Whichever is transported
Freight
Road haulage
Mover
Bulk Transport
Transport tank
Temperature controlled transport:
Cold “positive” (refrigerated)
Cold “negative” (frozen)
Transport “Messaging”
Transport of persons
CIT
Transport of objects of correspondence (letters): Post
Other transport
Resources, pepper spray wholesale means and tools
Communication, information systems and information carriers: EAN bar code , voice recognition , radio frequency identification (RFID), ERP ( Enterprise Resources Planning ), WMS ( Warehouse Management System ), TMS ( Transport Management System ) , WCS ( Warehouse Control System ), SCM ( Supply Chain Managment )
Energy: electricity , gas , fuel
Property: warehouse
Wrapping
Material handling: transitic
Transportation equipment: vehicles , ships , cars , airplanes
Storage equipment: pallet rack (or rack ), stacker crane
Human resources: the quality circle , logistics consulting
Holders and Containers: pallet and cardboard
Logistics and Sustainable Development
Logistics, and more particularly the management of the supply chain , beginning to be studied in terms of sustainable development since the 2000s 6 .
Finding solutions for sustainable logistics through reflections on the organization of land transport of goods. The France has, since the early 1990s, a tool for coordinating incentives for research and development of land transport: the Programme for Research and Innovation in Land Transport (Predit). The issues of energy and environment are the subject of a task group of Predit, and the logistics and freight transport are the subject of Task Group 4 of Predit 7 .
Logistics and transportation close relations with the information , which is central when logistics is committed to a sustainable approach. It covers several topics 8 :
collecting data on the transport of goods in town;
promoting the concept of sustainable logistics eve;
the carbon assessment of the supply chain and supplier relations;
analysis of the influence of the quality of data used in information systems on the pooling of logistics operations of the industrial sector-traders-consumers;
measuring emissions of CO 2 Kelowna laser hair removal in the field of road transport .
Studies show that the logistics cost of the last km in the city is more than 20% of the total cost of the chain 9 . It is therefore essential to optimize urban logistics (or nearby logistics ). In France, the Ministry of Public Works in 1993 launched the National Programme ‘Goods in town “to explore solutions to urban logistics 10 .
The e-commerce presents a specific problem of logistics, in which final delivery is also important. In France, the Senate set up in 2004 a working group to study the logistics in the context of electronic commerce. Indeed, the development of distance selling , made possible by the Internet tends to fundamentally transform the problematic logistics 11 .
The organization identifies the action but also the result of the action of one who defines, structure, agency, distributes, revolves .
It reflects the average level of expression of a will:
or by how the various elements of a complex, a company of a living are structured and articulated.
or by the resulting structure with a hierarchy and / or a specific arrangement of organs or resources required.
The organization combines and associates the best ways to:
achieve its mission and goals. Thus a group, an association intend and do everything to achieve specific purposes ( labor organization , international organization , NGO , etc..).
promote a repository and a system of action capable of openness, listening to a client and then find out the meeting by the deployment and activation of relevant and efficient to do so, within or over desired time.
For Stephen P. Robbins an enterprise-view-as an organization is defined as “all means structured, forming a coordination unit, with identifiable boundaries, continuously operating to achieve a set of goals shared by the all its members (employees, officers, shareholders …). ”
Summary [ hide ]
1 Etymology
2 Issues
3 The search for optimization of the organization
3.1 Structural approach
3.2 Management Approach
3.3 The choice of measurement standards
3.4 Indicator basic mathematical
4 Notes and references
5 See also
5.1 Related
5.2 External Links
Etymology
Comes from the Latin noun “organum” and Greek “organon” which refers to the twelfth century a musical instrument, voice, organ of the body.
In the fourteenth century, also a musical sense, organizing means ” have to make it suitable to life ” 2
Issues
The interest of the organization – both in design and its management – results from the natural tension between the aims firstly selected, the other available means and / or together to achieve this.
The organization manages all the better to regulate this tension it is able to “system”, that is to say, of being and acting as a set of interacting elements, grouped in a driven structure, having a communication system to facilitate the flow of information, in order to meet needs and achieve specific objectives.
The search for optimization of the organization
The organization can be seen as a structural or managerial.
Structural approach
The organization aims to facilitate traffic flow and thus to achieve specific objectives. Traffic flow will be improved if there is no deformation of these and it is possible to accelerate. To limit distortion, increase the level of standardization of what regulates the flow (management database , procedures , control systems errors …) or the flexibility of the organization. To increase the flow velocity must implement existing synergies within the organization.
It is possible to distinguish four types of synergies:
The Maintainability : the ability to correct and change just the structure of the organization, and sometimes even the ability to change it in use.
The pooling: ability to identify a service of the organization and use it in several contexts.
Scalability: the ability of the organization to grow by a change of scale, that is to say to support larger volumes of treatment without affecting the underlying architecture.
Resilience: is the ability of an organization to continue operating in case of failure.
It is therefore possible to judge the quality of an organization by various indicators of flexibility (or uniformity, power …) and synergies of intangible capital from the perspectives (the segmentation ) of the organization. They are essential to building the strategy of the organization and thus allow to link the theories of organizations (economic and sociological) with its practice in the field. The strategy of bad credit loan an organization must indeed necessarily reflect all the dimensions that constitute it to be valid.
Managerial approach
According to international standard ISO 9000 (version 2005), the organization sees itself as a “set of responsibilities, authorities and relationships between people.” This is one of the tools of the management system of a company, which allows (ISO 9000) “to establish a policy and objectives and to achieve those objectives.”
Optimize an organization, it is firstly optimize processes, transverse to the organization, and also mobilize staff so that all employees focus their energy toward achieving goals. Because the process steps are the building blocks of the organization, optimize processes, it is optimizing the organization.
The choice of measurement standards
The organization generates intangible capital source of synergies (or flexibility).
The decomposition of the organization to be analyzed is free, but more or less related to practice and epistemology used. To bind such organization theory and practice, the organization may first be segmented to evaluate a relatively sociological approach: 3 Technology , Physical Structure , Social Structure , Culture .
The value of the organization can be obtained by means of accounting for its tangible part, and by measuring the intangible capital for its part, intangible.
This intellectual capital is a source of controversy and founded many theoretical analyzes (economic and sociological). It can be measured in practice, distinguishing such as IFAC 4 as an international standard: the human capital , relational capital, structural capital.
For purposes of analysis, it is also possible to appreciate this intangible capital based on skills, routines and conventions necessary for the organization according to the theories used.
It is also possible to evaluate the organization by the yardstick of intangible liabilities, such as transaction costs or other measurement standards. Other theories take fully into account, such as bounded rationality , groups or individuals or other forms of bias.
Basic mathematical indicator
For all segments of the organization that are relevant to the strategy of the organization (or paradigm chooses theoretically), it is possible to evaluate performance by comparing the gain in the effort (in the assumption that the organization is a research and assessable gain).
The indicator is the rate: gain flexibility or organizational synergies / tangible and intangible capital
The gain of the flow varies depending on the organization and the segment analyzed (and theoretical).
Capital is based on the fact that:
- Streams are in store .
- The flow must be stretched .
- The flow paths are complex and negotiated (and variations in number of interfaces by risking a distortion of the flow: transaction cost ).
- The structure is channeling the flow of quality, maintained or duplicated (to limit the risk of rupture and agency costs ).
Taken in April 2006, this 15 second movie clip shows how ocean containers are lifted onto ocean-going container ships. Location: Odaiba, Tokyo, Japan. Photographer: Joseph Quinn of Sefco Export Management Company, “Overseas Moving Specialists” based in the USA. Online at www.sefco-export.com
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